Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
2017年第5卷第1期（总第6期）
37-64
2017-10-17
This paper aims at producing and analyzing substantial linguistic data to point up differences between Argobba and Amharic. The paper argues against prior studies (Bender, 1976; Bender and Fulas, 1978; Zelealem, 1994; Leslau, 1997) which consider Argobba as a dialect of Amharic. There are also a few works which suggest that Argobba is an independent language of its own (Waldron, 1984; Wetter, 2006).These works, however, have not produced concrete linguistic evidence to substantiate their claim. This brings about the relation between Amharic and Argobba not to be comprehensible. This study, thus, intends to make this hazy issue to come to an end by providing comparable grammatical facts from both languages. The paper also provides counter examples which challenge the claims in Hudson (1997). The paper presents concrete linguistic facts that clearly show that Argobba and Amharic are not dialects of one another, but independent sister languages. It is strongly believed that this will finish off the problem about the relation between the two languages and brings the full picture of Argobba as an independent language in Ethio-Semitic subfamily.
Argobba, Ethio-Semitic, comparative, morpho-syntax, root, cognate, endangered
doi: 10.26478/ja2017.5.6.3
Ahmed, S. M. M. & L. J. M. Meded (n.d). Amharic Language Teaching Material[M]. Bedir Printing Press.
Batibo, H. M. 2005. Language Decline and Death in Africa: Causes, Consequences, and Challenges [M]. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters Ltd.
Bender, M. L. et al. (eds.). 1976. Language in Ethiopia [M]. London: Oxford University Press.
Bender, M. L. & H. Fulas. 1978. Amharic Verb Morphology [M]. East Lansing: African Studies Center, Michigan State University.
Cohen, M. 1931. Etudis d’ ethiopien meridional [M]. Paris: Librairie Orientaliste Paul Beuthnen.
______. 1939. Nouvelle etudesd’ ethiopien meridionale [M]. Paris: Librairie Ancienne Honore.
Demeke, G. A. 2003. Argobba -Amharic Dictionary[M]. Addis Ababa: Argobba Development Association.
______. 2009. The Origin of Amharic [M]. Addis Ababa: French Center for Ethiopian Studies.
Gabriel, S. 1992. A Survey on Language Death in Africa [A]. In M. Brenzinger (ed.). Language Death: Factual and Theoretical Explanations with Special Reference to East Africa [C]. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter,301-417.
Gebre, B. 1991. Argobba Phonology and Orthography. (Unpublished).
Getahun, A. 2006. Causative Constructions in Argobba [A]. In Vold Eva Thue et al. (ed.). New Voice in Linguistics [C]. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 199-210.
______. 2008. Relative Clause Constructions in Argobba [R]. A paper presented at the 16thInternational Conference of Ethiopian Studies, Trondheim.
______. 2009. Argobba Verb Morphology and Syntax: A Documentation with HPSG Analytic Framework [D]. Ph. D. dissertation, NTNU, Trondheim.
______. 2010. Passive in Argobba [J]. Journal of Ethiopian Studies, 43: 1-29.
Gutt, E. A. 1997. The Silte Group (East Gurage) [A]. In Robert Hetzron (ed.). The Semitic Languages, Abingdon [C]. London: Routledge, 509-534.
Hetzron, R. 1972. Ethiopian Semitic: Studies in Classification [M]. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Hudson, G. 1997. Amharic and Argobba. In Robert Hetzron (ed.). The Semitic Languages [C]. Abingdon, London: Routledge, 457-485.
______. 2000. Ethiopian Semitic Overview [J]. Journal of Ethiopian Studies, 33(2): 75-86.
Kifleyesus, A. 2003. Argobba Ethnography [A]. In Siegbert Uhlig (ed.). Encyclopedia Aethiopica [C]. Vol.1 (A-C). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 332-334.
Lefebvre, C. T. 1845. Voyage en Abyssinie excute pendant less annees 1839-1843 [M]. Paris: Arthus Bertrand, Vol. 3, 329, 405-409.
Leslau, W. 1949. Examen dusuppose Argobba de Steetzen et de Lefbvre [J]. Word, 5(1): 46-54.
______. 1957. Arabic Loanwords in Argobba (South Ethiopic) [J]. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 77(1): 36-39.
______. 1959. A preliminary Description of Argobba [J]. Annales d’ ethiopie, 3: 251-273.
______. 1960. Sketches in Ethiopic Classification [A]. In Problemi Attuali di Scienza e di Culura, Atti dell Convergn Internazionale di Studi Ethiopici [C]. Roma: Academia Nazionale dei Lincei.
______. 1966. Classification of the Semitic Languages of Ethiopia [A]. In Proceedings of the Third International Conference of Ethiopian Studies [C]. Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie I University, 5-22.
______. 1978. Argobba Vocabulary [M]. Instituto per L’orente VIA A. Caroncini,19.
______. 1997. Ethiopic Document: Argobba Grammar and Dictionary [M]. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Mohamed, H. et al. 2006. Sociolinguistic survey among Ethnically Argobba Communities [J]. ELRC Working Papers, 2(4): 415-454.
Siebert, R. 1994. Sociolinguistic survey report of the Argobba language of Ethiopia [J]. S.L.L.E. Linguistic Report, 22.
Vater, J. S. 1816. Proben Deutscher Volks-Mundarten: Dr. Seetzen’s Linguistischer Nachlass Und Andere Sprach-Forschungen Und Sammlungen Besonders Uber Ostindien [M]. Leipzing: Gerhard Fleischer.
Voigt, R. 2003. Argobba [A]. In S. Uhlig (ed.). Encyclopedia Aethiopica [C]. Vol.1 (A-C), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz,330-331
Wagner, E. 1997. Harari [A]. In Robert Hetzron (ed.). The Semitic Languages [C]. Abingdon: Routledge, 486-508.
Waldron, S. 1984. Argobba [A]. In Weeks Richard (ed.). Muslim Peoples: A World Ethnographie Survey[C]. Greenwood Press, 49-53.
Wetter, A. 2006. The Argobba of Tollaha - a comparative overview [A]. In S. Uhlig (ed.), Proceedings of 15th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies [C]. Verlag: Harrassowitz Verlag, 899-907.
______. 2010. Das Argobba[M]. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlang.
Zelealem, L. 1994. Argobba - The people and the Language [J]. S.L.L.E. Linguistic Report, 22: 1-13.
友情链接: