University of South Africa, South Africa; University of South Africa, South Africa
Vol.6 No.1 (Serial No.8) 2018
118-138
2018-06-30
The coexistence of English and French alongside Kinyarwanda results in various sociolinguistic aspects. One of the sociolinguistic phenomena observed in this coexistence is the influx of French and English loanwords in Kinyarwanda. Included in these alien words, they are deceptive cognates of French and English, which render the use of the three languages more complex. There seems to be a linguistic clash here. The speaker faces a challenge while conversing in either English or French. The understanding of deceptive cognates, false friends or ‘look-alikes’, would enable the speaker to express his ideas correctly and communicate more fluently. French and English pairs of words having a common origin, whereby the homonym suggests the synonym, are hardly mastered.
loanword, allocation, Kinyarwanda, cognates, coexistence, adaptation
doi: 10.26478/ja2018.6.8.8
Altenberg, E. 2005. The Judgment, Perception, and Production of Consonant Clusters in a Second Language [J]. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 43(1):54-55.
Barreteau, D. 1978. Inventaire des études linguistiques sur les pays d’Afrique noire d’expression française et sur Madagascar [M]. Paris: Conseil International de la Langue Française.
Beard, A. 2004. Language Change [M]. London: Routledge.
Crystal, D. 2003. English as a Global Language [M]. 2nd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
De Blois, F. K. 1970. The Augment in Bantu Languages[J]. Africana Linguistica, 4:85-165.
Facts-Rwanda People-2017, CIA World Factbook [OL]. Available: http://www.theodora.com/wfbcurrent/ rwanda/rwanda_people.html. Accessed on 23th October 2017.
Field, F. 2002. Linguistic Borrowing in Bilingual Contexts [M]. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Guthrie, M. 1975. Comparative Bantu [M]. Vol 3. London: Gregg Press.
Heine, B. 2000. African Languages: An Introduction [M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hockett, C. 1958. A Course in Modern Linguistics [M]. New York: Macmillan.
Jenkins, J. 2003. World Englishes [M]. London: Routledge.
Kimenyi, A. 2009. Kinyarwanda. California State University at Sacramento [OL]. Accessed on 5th June 2010.
Lyovin, A. 1996. An Introduction to the Languages of the World [M]. New York: Oxford University Press.
Nurse, D. & Phillipson, G. 2003. The Bantu languages [M]. London: Routledge.
Pateau, A. M. 1998. Les faux amis en anglais [M]. Paris: Librairie Générale Française.
Romaine, S. 1989. Bilingualism [M]. Oxford: Blackwell.
Thomason, S. ed. 1997. Ma’a (Mbugu)[A]. In S. G. Thomason (ed). Contact Languages: A Wider Perspective [C]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 469-487.
Trask, R, L. 1994. Language Change [M]. London: Routledge.
Wolf, P. 1971. The Noun Class System of Congo [M]. The Hague: Mouton.

link: