Mohammed V University, Morocco
Vol.9 No.1 (Serial No.14) 2021
53-83
2021-06-30
The present paper explores the special behavior of geminate consonants in Moroccan Arabic vis-á-vis short consonants and consonant clusters. By way of comparison, it is shown that geminates exhibit properties that are reminiscent of both unit structures and cluster structures. In particular, we reveal that geminates in MA demonstrate an inconsistent behavior in relation to the process of schwa epenthesis. In this context, we ask whether geminates get split up in MA, and when and how that happens. In order to characterize the patterning of geminates in MA, different phonological representations of geminates are examined against the variable behavior of geminates. On this basis, it is eventually suggested that geminates should be depicted as two root nodes that are underlyingly associated with a mora at the prosodic level.
geminate behavior, geminate representation, Moraic Theory, autosegmental phonology, prosodic morphology, Moroccan Arabic
doi: 10.26478/ja2021.9.14.3
Bennis, S. & E. Iazzi. 1995. Morphologie du Verbe Causatif en Arabe Marocain [J]. Langues et Littératures, 13:79-96.
Bensoukas, K. 2001. Stem Forms in the Nontemplatic Morphology of Berber [D]. PhD Dissertation. Rabat: Mohammed V University.
Bensoukas, K. & A. Boudlal. 2012a. The Prosody of Moroccan Amazigh and Moroccan Arabic: Similarities in the phonology of Schwa [A]. In T. Borowsky, S. Kawahara, M. Sugahara & T. Shinya (eds.). Prosody Matters: Essays in honor of Lisa Selkirk [C]. London: Equinox, 3-42.
Bensoukas, K. & A. Boudlal. 2012b. An Amazigh Substratum in Moroccan Arabic: The prosody of Schwa [J]. Langues et Littératures, 22:179-221.
Blevins, J. 2005. The Typology of Geminate Inventories: Historical explanations for recurrent sound patterns [A]. In Seoul Linguistics Forum 2005 [C]. Seoul: Seoul National University, 121-137.
Chomsky, N. & M. Halle. 1968. The Sound Pattern of English [M]. New York: Harper and Row.
Clements, G. N. 1985. The Geometry of Phonological Features [J]. Phonology, 2(1):225-252.
Curtis, E. 2003. Geminate Weight: Case studies and formal models [D]. PhD Dissertation. Washington: University of Washington.
Davis, S. 1994. Geminate Consonants in Moraic Phonology [A]. West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics [C]. 13:32-45.
Davis, S. 1999. On the Moraic Representation of Underlying Geminates: Evidence from prosodic morphology [A]. In R. Kager & H. van der Hulst (eds.). The Prosody-Morphology Interface [C]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 39-61.
Davis, S. 2011. Geminates [A]. In M. van Oostendorp, C. J. Ewen, E. Hume & K. Rice (eds.). The Blackwell Companion to Phonology 2 [C]. Malden & Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 837-859.
Dmitrieva, O. 2017. Production of Geminate Consonants in Russian: Implication for typology [A]. In H. Kubozono (ed.). The Phonetics and Phonology of Geminate Consonants [C]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 34-65.
Goldsmith, J. 1976. Autosegmental Phonology [D]. PhD Dissertation. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
Guerssel, M. 1977. Constraints on Phonological Rules [J]. Linguistic Analysis,3(3):267-305.
Guerssel, M. 1978. A Condition on Assimilation Rules [J]. Linguistic Analysis, 4(3):225-253.
Hart, M. E. 1991. The Moraic Status of Initial Geminates in Trukese [A]. In L. A. Sutton, C. Johnson & R. Shields (eds.). Proceedings of the 17th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society [C]. 107-120.
Hayes, B. 1986. Inalterability in CV Phonology [J]. Language, 62(2):321-351.
Hayes, B. 1989. Compensatory Lengthening in Moraic Phonology [J]. Linguistic Inquiry, 20(2):253-306.
Hayes, B. 1995. Metrical Stress Theory: Principles and case studies [M]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Hume, E., J. Muller & van A. Engelenhoven. 1998. Non-moraic Geminates in Leti [J]. Phonology, 14(3): 371-402.
Hyman, L. 1985. A Theory of Phonological Weight [M]. Dordrecht: Foris Publications.
Kenstowicz, M. & C. Pyle. 1973. On the Phonological Integrity of Geminate Clusters [A]. In M. Kenstowicz & C. Kisseberth (eds.). Issues in Linguistic Theory [C]. Hague: Mouton Publishers, 27-43.
Kiparsky, P. 2008. Fenno-Swedish Quantity: Contrast in stratal OT [A]. In B. Vaux & A. Nevins (eds.). Rules, Constraints, and Phonological Phenomena [C]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 185- 219.
Kubozono, H., J. Ito & A. Mester. 2008. Consonant Gemination in Japanese Loanword Phonology [A]. In 18th International Congress of Linguistics, Seoul [C]. 953-973.
Kubozono, H. (ed.). 2017. The Phonetics and Phonology of Geminate Consonants [M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Leben, W. R. 1973. Suprasegmental Phonology [D]. PhD Dissertation. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Leben, W. R. 1980. A Metrical Analysis of Length [J]. Linguistic Inquiry, 11(3):497-509.
Levin, J. 1985. A Metrical Theory of Syllabicity [D]. PhD Dissertation. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Lombardi, L. & J. McCarthy. 1991. Prosodic Circumscription in Choctaw Morphology [J]. Phonology, 8:37-71.
McCarthy, J. 1979. Formal Problems in Semitic Phonology and Morphology [D]. PhD Dissertation. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
McCarthy, J. 1981. A Prosodic Theory of Nonconcatenative Morphology [J]. Linguistic Inquiry, 12:373-418.
McCarthy, J. J. 1986. OCP Effects: Gemination and antigemination [J]. Linguistic inquiry, 17(2):207-263.
McCarthy, J. J. & A. Prince. 1986. Prosodic Morphology [Z]. Ms. Amherst: University of Massachusetts, Waltham: Brandeis University.
Muller, J. S. 2001. The Phonology and Phonetics of Word-initial Geminates [D]. PhD Dissertation. Columbus: The Ohio State University.
Noamane, A. 2014. Aspects of the Morpho-phonology of Causative Verbs in Moroccan Arabic: An optimality-theoretic approach [M]. Sarrbrucken: Lambert Academic Publishing.
Noamane, A. 2018a. On the Integrity of Geminates in Moroccan Arabic: An optimality theoretic account [J]. Journal of Applied Language and Culture Studies, 1:133-164.
Noamane, A. 2018b. Patterns of Gemination in Moroccan Arabic: Issues in phonology and morphology [D]. PhD Dissertation. Rabat: Mohammed V University.
Noamane, A. 2018c. A Root-and-prosody Approach to Templatic Morphology and Morphological Gemination in Moroccan Arabic [J]. International Journal of Arabic Linguistics, 4(2):331-369.
Noamane, A. 2020a. Consonant Gemination in Moroccan Arabic: A constraint-based analysis [J]. Journal of Applied Language and Culture Studies, 3:37-68.
Noamane, A. 2020b. A Non-templatic Approach to the Formation of the Past participle in Moroccan Arabic [J]. SKASE Journal of Theoretical Linguistics, 17(5):42-65.
Saib, J. 1977. The Treatment of Geminates: Evidence from Berber [J]. Studies in African Linguistics,8(3):299-316.
Samek-Lodovici, V. 1993. A Unified Analysis of Crosslinguistic Morphological Gemination [A]. In P. Ackema & M. Schoorlemmer (eds.). Proceedings of CONSOLE I [C]. The Hague: Holland Academic Graphics, 265-283.
Schein, B. & D. Steriade. 1986. On Geminates [J]. Linguistic Inquiry, 17(4):691-744.
Selkirk, E. 1990. A Two-Root Theory of Length [A]. University of Massachusetts Occasional Papers [C]. Amherst: GLSA publications, 14:123-171.
Tyler, S. A. 1969. Koya: An outline grammar: Gommu Dialect [M]. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Watson, J. C. E. 2002. The Phonology and Morphology of Arabic [M]. New York: Oxford University Press.